How does ethnicity affect pharmacokinetics?

How does ethnicity affect pharmacokinetics?

Based on the available literature, the drugs most likely to exhibit ethnic differences in their pharmacokinetics are those that undergo significant gut metabolism/transport and/or hepatic first pass metabolism; are highly bound to plasma proteins (especially AGP); or have hepatic metabolism as a major route of …

How does race affect medicine?

In spite of significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of most chronic diseases, there is evidence that racial and ethnic minorities tend to receive lower quality of care than nonminorities and that, patients of minority ethnicity experience greater morbidity and mortality from various chronic diseases than …

Which ethnic group responds better to diuretics for treatment of hypertension than other groups?

In comparisons between groups, blacks respond slightly better than whites to diuretics and CCBs, while whites respond slightly better than blacks to ACE inhibitors and β-blockers.

How does genetic affect drug action?

Because of their genetic makeup, some people process (metabolize) drugs slowly. As a result, a drug may accumulate in the body, causing toxicity. Other people metabolize drugs so quickly that after they take a usual dose, drug levels in the blood never become high enough for the drug to be effective.

Which age group metabolizes drugs faster than the adults?

Metabolism: As children mature, liver enzymes are able to effectively metabolize most drugs, because the BMR in children is higher than in adults, drugs are metabolized more quickly. thus drug dosages relative to body weight may need to be higher for children than adults.

What is meant by pharmacokinetics?

Listen to pronunciation. (FAR-muh-koh-kih-NEH-tix) The activity of drugs in the body over a period of time, including the processes by which drugs are absorbed, distributed in the body, localized in the tissues, and excreted.

Does race matter health?

Race might influence an individual’s health in several ways. It might covary with different environmental or genetic factors that underlie risk, different interactions between genetic and environmental factors, or different combinations thereof.

Why do ACE inhibitors not work on black people?

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, β blockers, and angiotensin receptor antagonists are generally less effective as monotherapy in black hypertensives,22,23 because of the tendency towards a low renin state and a lower cardiac output, with increased peripheral resistance.

What are the factors that influence drug response?

Drug response can be impacted by several factors including diet, comorbidities, age, weight, drug–drug interactions, and genetics. Individual genetic variation in key genes involved in the metabolism, transport, or drug target can contribute to risk of adverse events108 or treatment failure.

Is the study of how genetic variations can affect people’s responses to drugs?

Differences in genetic (inherited) makeup among individuals affect what the body does to a drug and what the drug does to the body. The study of genetic differences in the response to drugs is called pharmacogenetics.

What is the most common adverse drug effect seen in the elderly?

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in older adults, with falls, orthostatic hypotension, delirium, renal failure, gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding being amongst the most common clinical manifestations.

Are there any cardiovascular drugs that differ by ethnicity?

The present review will summarize the most widely recognized examples of cardiovascular drugs with differential response by ethnicity and the evidence that pharmacogenetics data may aid in our understanding of these differences.

Why are there ethnic differences in drug metabolism?

Such differences may consist of different mean values of quantitative traits in separate populations, or of different frequency distributions as produced by the occurrence of genetic enzyme variants. The collection of population data requires the investigation of substantial numbers of subjects.

Are there any drug studies comparing different populations?

Many studies with probe drugs comparing different populations have given results that are equivocal in terms of the nature-nurture interplay.

Are there ethnic differences in blood pressure treatment?

In the early 1980s, clinical differences in response to the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of β-blockers and, to a lesser extent, diuretics were noted between ethnic groups.