How would you administer surfactant therapy to an infant?

How would you administer surfactant therapy to an infant?

The surfactant is administered via a thin catheter into the trachea in small aliquots, while the baby is spontaneously breathing on CPAP support. In infants 29-32 weeks gestation, LISA may reduce the occurrence of pneumothorax and need for mechanical ventilation.

Which newborn condition can be treated with surfactant therapy?

Surfactant replacement may help make RDS less serious. It is given as preventive treatment for some babies at very high risk for RDS. For others who become sick after birth, it is used as a rescue method. Surfactant is a liquid given through the breathing tube.

Can you give surfactant to babies?

1 For infants intubated immediately after birth, it is recommended that surfactant be given as early treatment (<2 h of age), except if the infant is on room air and minimal ventilatory support on neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Which surfactant is given to premature babies?

Indications

When do you give surfactant?

Surfactant replacement therapy should be considered in: neonates with clinical and radiographic evidence of RDS. neonates at risk of developing RDS (e.g. <32 weeks or low birth weight <1300g) neonates who are intubated, regardless of gestation, and requiring FiO2 >40%

Is RDS curable?

Some newborns who have RDS recover and never get BPD. Due to better treatments and medical advances, most newborns who have RDS survive. However, these babies may need extra medical care after going home. Some babies have complications from RDS or its treatments.

Why do babies get surfactant?

Surfactant is a mixture of fat and proteins made in the lungs. Surfactant coats the alveoli (the air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the body). This prevents the alveoli from sticking together when your baby exhales (breathes out).

What are treatment options for a premature baby lacking surfactant?

If a premature baby is lacking surfactant, artificial surfactant may be given. Surfactant is delivered using an artificial airway or breathing tube that is inserted into the trachea, or windpipe, either immediately at birth for extremely premature babies, or later once respiratory problems have revealed themselves.

What causes lack of surfactant?

ABCA3 gene mutations, which cause a type of surfactant dysfunction sometimes referred to as ABCA3 deficiency, lead to reduction or absence of the protein’s function. Without ABCA3 protein function, the transport of surfactant phospholipids is decreased.

When do you give neonatal surfactant?

Surfactant replacement therapy should be considered in:

1. neonates with clinical and radiographic evidence of RDS.
2. neonates at risk of developing RDS (e.g. <32 weeks or low birth weight <1300g)
3. neonates who are intubated, regardless of gestation, and requiring FiO2 >40%

Do babies grow out of RDS?

Key points about RDS in premature babies RDS typically gets worse over the first 2 to 3 days. It then gets better with treatment. Treatment may include extra oxygen, surfactant replacement, and medicines. Preventing a premature birth is the main way to prevent RDS.

When to use surfactant replacement therapy in infants?

The statement summarizes the indications for surfactant replacement therapy. Because respiratory insufficiency may be a component of multiorgan dysfunction in sick infants, surfactant should be administered only at institutions with qualified personnel and facilities for the comprehensive care of sick infants.

How is surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress?

Secondary surfactant deficiency also contributes to acute respiratory morbidity in late-preterm and term neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia/sepsis, and perhaps pulmonary hemorrhage; surfactant replacement may be beneficial for these infants.

What are the qualifications for surfactant replacement therapy?

1. Surfactant replacement therapy should be directed by physicians qualified and trained in its use and administration. Qualifications should include experience in management of the respiratory care of low birth weight infants, particularly those on mechanical ventilation.

How does surfactant treatment help diaphragmatic hernia in infants?

Surfactant treatment improves oxygenation and reduces the need for ECMO without an increase in morbidity in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (LOE 2). Surfactant treatment of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not improve clinical outcomes (LOE 2).