What causes maternal hypotension?

What causes maternal hypotension?

The maternal supine position can cause several pressure-related symptoms, such as hypotension due to the compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus, particularly in the second and/or the third trimester of the pregnancy [7].

What causes hypotension during anesthesia?

After anesthesia induction, hypotension is mainly associated with vasoplegia (effect of anesthetic drugs) and the beginning of mechanical ventilation. During surgery, hypotension may be linked to hypovolemia, high doses of anesthetics, and heart failure.

What is the side effects of anesthesia in pregnancy?

Complications associated with surgery under general anesthesia during pregnancy include risk of DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE), aspiration (decreased cardiac sphincter tone, decreased gastric emptying, increased gastric pressures, and hyperemesis increase the risk of regurgitation and aspiration), pulmonary edema, acute …

What may cause hypotension in a patient with an epidural?

A COMMON physiologic effect of epidural and spinal anesthesia is hypotension, primarily due to blockade of the sympathetic nervous system causing arterial and venous vasodilation with subsequent “functional” hypovolemia.

How is maternal hypotension treated?

Hypotension may be prevented by administering intravenous fluids, giving medications (such as ephedrine, phenylephrine, and ondansetron), by leg compression, or by the mother either lying down or walking around before the spinal anaesthesia.

How does maternal hypotension affect the fetus?

Hypotension during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (7), as well as pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), meconium stained fluid, and postpartum hemorrhage (8). The lower the blood pressure, the higher the risk of poor pregnancy outcome.

Can you have general anesthesia with low blood pressure?

“Rather the health consequences of uncontrolled high blood pressure convey other health risks — therefore we still recommend that patients’ blood pressure should be as well controlled as possible prior to surgery.” “What these data tell us is that patients with low blood pressure before surgery are at higher risk.

What is a normal blood pressure under anesthesia?

General opinion suggests that during anaesthesia, systolic arterial pressure should be maintained above 90mmHg and mean above 60 mmHg in order to ensure sufficient tissue perfusion for the brain, kidneys and heart.

Will general anesthesia harm my baby?

How safe are anesthesia and sedation medications? Research shows that anesthetic medications generally used for surgery are safe for the baby ‒ there is no increase in birth defects. The sedation leaves the baby’s system just as it leaves the woman’s after surgery, so there is no lasting impact.

What anesthesia can be used while pregnant?

Most other anaesthetic medications, including barbiturates, propofol, opioids, muscle relaxants, and local anaesthetics have been widely used during pregnancy with a good safety record.

Does low blood pressure affect baby during pregnancy?

Having low blood pressure during pregnancy is common. Most of the time, this condition won’t cause major problems, and blood pressure will return to prepregnancy levels after you give birth. In some cases, however, very low blood pressure can be dangerous for mom and baby.

What is maternal hypotension syndrome?

Supine hypotensive syndrome (also referred to as inferior vena cava compression syndrome) is caused when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when a pregnant woman is in a supine position, leading to decreased venous return centrally.

Is it possible to diagnose hypotension during anaesthesia?

Diagnosis, in particular, may potentially be assisted by cross referencing to the specific sub-algorithms for these. Hypotension is commonly encountered during anaesthesia and may be mild and self-limiting. Sustained uncorrected hypotension has the potential to impair organ perfusion to such a degree as to result in irreversible ischaemic damage.

How does hypotension affect the fetus in pregnancy?

Background: Hypotension is commonly encountered in association with anaesthesia and surgery. Uncorrected and sustained it puts the brain, heart, kidneys, and the fetus in pregnancy at risk of permanent or even fatal damage.

Why is severe intraoperative hypotension an anaesthetic emergency?

Answers are given in the text. Severe intraoperative hypotension is an anaesthetic emergency. Swift recognition and treatment is vital to ensure adequate organ blood flow; particularly to the brain, heart, kidneys and the placenta in pregnancy.

How is hypotension related to neuraxial anaesthesia?

Combined spinal epidural (CSE) anaesthesia was the technique used in 10 cases of hypotension attributable to neuraxial anaesthesia. Hypotension was attributed to sympathetic blockade in 36 cases and to a high sensory level in 14.