What does the parathyroid secrete?

What does the parathyroid secrete?

Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Precise calcium levels are important in the human body, since small changes can cause muscle and nerve problems.

What does chief cells secrete?

pepsinogen
The chief cells secrete pepsinogen, a moderately sized zymogen protein with a molecular weight of 40,400. Pepsin, an enzyme with a molecular weight of 32,700, is formed in the acidic environment of the stomach when pepsinogen loses its activation peptides.

What type of cells secrete parathyroid hormone?

The parathyroid gland is composed of two types of cells: chief and the oxyphil. Parathyroid chief cells, the main type of parathyroid gland cells, produce PTH. Oxyphil cells produce PTHrP, calcitriol, and some other factors.

What do Oxyphil cells produce?

Oxyphil cells have been shown to express parathyroid-relevant genes found in the chief cells and have the potential to produce additional autocrine/paracrine factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and calcitriol.

Do chief cells secrete lipases?

Cell types The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. This type of cell also secretes gastric lipase enzymes, which help digest triglycerides into free fatty acids and di- and mono-glycerides.

Do chief cells secrete gastrin?

Along with the above-mentioned function, gastrin has been shown to have additional functions as well: Stimulates parietal cell maturation and fundal growth. Causes chief cells to secrete pepsinogen, the zymogen (inactive) form of the digestive enzyme pepsin. Gastrin contributes to the gastrocolic reflex.

What are the effects of parathyroid hormone?

Bones – parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of calcium from large calcium stores in the bones into the bloodstream. This increases bone destruction and decreases the formation of new bone. Kidneys – parathyroid hormone reduces loss of calcium in urine.

What do parathyroid oxyphil cells secrete?

The parathyroid chief and oxyphil cells produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), express the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), and mobilize intracellular calcium in response to CASR activation.

What kind of cells are in the parathyroid gland?

The primary functional cells of the parathyroid glands are the chief cells. These epithelial cells produce and secrete the parathyroid hormone (PTH), the major hormone involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels. The gland also contains oxyphil cells but their function is not clear.

Why do the parathyroid glands secrete PTH hormone?

Learning Objectives. The parathyroid glands produce and secrete PTH, a peptide hormone, in response to low blood calcium levels (Figure 2). PTH secretion causes the release of calcium from the bones by stimulating osteoclasts, which secrete enzymes that degrade bone and release calcium into the interstitial fluid.

What is the difference between parathyroid adenoma and chief cell?

The hyperplasia is seen as an enlargement of all four of the parathyroid glands, as opposed to a parathyroid adenoma is viewed as an enlargement of one gland. Chief cell hyperplasia is a common disorder in individuals with other endocrine abnormalities, though it may still occur sporadically.

How does a parathyroid gland tumor affect the body?

PTH increases bone resorption, calcium absorption from the intestines, and calcium reabsorption by the kidneys. As a result, blood calcium levels begin to rise. This, in turn, inhibits the further production and secretion of PTH. A parathyroid gland tumor can prompt hypersecretion of PTH.