What is a CYP 450 substrate?

What is a CYP 450 substrate?

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that functions as monooxygenases. In mammals, these proteins oxidize steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics, and are important for the clearance of various compounds, as well as for hormone synthesis and breakdown.

What is the role of cytochrome P450 in biotransformation reactions?

The cytochrome P450 system catalyzes the insertion of an oxygen atom into CH and NH bonds, the epoxidation of π bonds, and the addition of an oxygen atom to the electron pairs of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus atoms. Other types of cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions occasionally occur.

What drugs are substrates of cytochrome P450?

CYP2C19 has a number of commonly used substrates including the benzodiazepine diazepam, the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, propanolol and the antidepressive amitriptyline [19]. A number of important abnormal variants of this enzyme exist, one of these has important clinical consequences.

What does CYP stand for?

CYP

What is CYP stand for?

How long does grapefruit juice stay in your system?

One whole grapefruit or one glass of grapefruit juice is enough to alter how these medications affect you. Its effects last several days. Grapefruit’s ability to affect medication lasts for 1–3 days. Taking your medication a few hours apart from consuming it isn’t long enough.

What medication interacts with grapefruit?

Examples of common medications that interact with grapefruit juice include certain statin cholesterol drugs such as atorvastatin (Lipitor), lovastatin, simvastatin (Zocor), felodipine (Plendil) and other calcium channel blockers, clarithromycin (Biaxin), and loratadine (Claritin).

Which is a sensitive substrate in CYP2C19 em subjects?

(d) S-lansoprazole is a sensitive substrate in CYP2C19 EM subjects. AUC: area under the concentration-time curve; CYP: cytochrome P450; DDI: drug-drug interaction; EM: extensive metabolizer; OATP1B1: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1.

What kind of reaction is cytochrome P450 involved in?

The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.

Are there any drug interactions with CYP enzymes?

Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Azamulin*, Troleandomycin*, Verapamil*. Most chemical inhibitors are not specific for an individual CYP enzyme. The selectivity and potency of inhibitors should be verified in the same experimental conditions using probe substrates for each CYP enzyme. * Time-dependent inhibitors.

Are there any inhibitors or inducers of CYP2C19?

DDI data were collected based on a search of the University of Washington Metabolism and Transport Drug Interaction Database [Hachad et al. (2010), Hum Genomics, 5 (1):61)], and the list of references is available here. (a) Strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6 and CYP3A.