What is PPARs function?

What is PPARs function?

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), including PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, and PPAR-γ, are a family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors to regulate gene expressions closely related to lipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and foam cell formation in macrophages [6].

What does PPAR alpha do?

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. PPAR-alpha regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and is a major regulator of energy homeostasis.

What drug activates PPAR alpha?

PPAR alpha, agonists

What is a pan agonist?

PPAR agonists are drugs which act upon the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. They are used for the treatment of symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, mainly for lowering triglycerides and blood sugar.

What are the benefits of PPARs?

PPAR 𝛾 is involved in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity and represents a potential therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes. Thus PPARs are molecular targets for the development of drugs treating metabolic syndrome. However, PPARs also play a role in the regulation of cancer cell growth.

What is the role of PPARγ in adipocyte differentiation?

Agonist-induced activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is known to cause adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. The biological role of PPARγ was investigated by gene targeting. Homozygous PPARγ -deficient embryos died at 10.5–11.5 dpc due to placental dysfunction.

Can a PPARγ deficiency cause adipocyte hypertrophy?

Discussion. PPARγ stimulation results in adipocyte hypertrophy to generate large adipocytes leading to insulin resistance. Hetrozygous PPARγ deficiency, however, results in protection from adipocyte hypertrophy to generate less larger adipocytes leading to a milder degree of insulin resistance (this study).

What is the role of PPARγ in obesity?

This study reveals a hitherto unpredicted role for PPARγ in high-fat diet–induced obesity due to adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance, which requires both alleles of PPARγ. The adipocyte plays a central role in energy balance.

How does thiazolidinedione affect the PPARγ gene?

Thiazolidinedione (TZD), a new class of antidiabetic drugs that increase insulin sensitivity, can directly bind and activate PPARγ and can stimulate adipocyte differentiation ( Lehmann et al. 1995 ).